Advice about respiratory infections

What are respiratory infections?

Respiratory infections affect parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. 

They may be caused by viruses which spread easily especially during the winter months, such as the common cold, influenza (flu), Covid-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).  These infections usually will not be serious, and most people soon recover following rest and plenty of fluids. However, they can cause serious illness in some people, leading to hospitalisation and death. 

Living safely with respiratory infections

If you have symptoms of a respiratory infection, try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people. You can ask a pharmacist for advice on the illness. If you are concerned about your symptoms, or they are worsening, seek medical advice by contacting NHS 111. In an emergency, dial 999.

There are actions that we can all take to help reduce the risk of catching respiratory illnesses and passing it on to others. This includes:

• Getting vaccinated.
• Letting fresh air in if meeting others indoors.
• Practising good hygiene: wash your hands, cover your coughs and sneezes, and clean your surroundings frequently.
• Wearing a face covering or a face mask.

There is more specific guidance on preventing the spread of respiratory infections in places such as workplaces and adult social care settings.

Vaccination programmes

NHS vaccinations offer the best protection for those who are at higher risk of getting seriously ill.

Visit the NHS website to find out about who is eligible for and how to access the following vaccines:

• Flu vaccine
• Covid-19 vaccine
• RSV vaccine